THRIVING after the FALL

The Library · Document 45 · FEASTING · Animals

Bovine Humane Dispatch Methods

Its printed title: The Biomechanics, Neurophysiology, and Execution of Bovine Euthanasia: Anatomical Landmarks and Low-Technology Methodologies

How to kill a bovine animal with the least suffering, grounded in the anatomy of its skull and brain. It explains concussion, where to place a captive bolt or bullet, why pithing is barred for meat animals and why a stick at the base of the neck bleeds out more surely than a cut across the throat. It puts the tissue over the frontal shot site of a mature Holstein cow at 46.7 mm. Long passages of brain science come before the practical landmarks.

Open the PDF 18 pages · 405 KB

Number
45
Book
FEASTING after the FALL
Shelf
Animals
File
45 Bovine Humane Dispatch Methods.pdf
Pages
18
Works cited
101

Used in

The rows that check it

  • 1 confirmed
  • 4 amended
  • 5 marked for safety
  • B1 amended Safety Frontal landmark: lines from lateral canthus to opposite horn base, shoot 1–2 cm above the crossing, midline, muzzle flat and 90° to bone, aimed at spine; poll shot misses 30 % vs …
  • B2 confirmed Safety Stun signs: immediate collapse, no righting, tonic then clonic paddling (spinal, not feeling), no corneal/palpebral reflex, tongue out, no rhythmic breathing; failed: head lift, …
  • B3 amended Safety Cartridge colours differ by maker, read the box; too light a charge the commonest failure; spring (non-penetrating) bolt fails on 29 % of bulls, not for cattle, adequate for a …
  • B4 amended Safety Stick within 60 s by law, 30 by the book; thoracic stick (base of neck above breastbone, to the heart, in to hilt, out cutting) preferred over neck cut (carotids retract, …
  • B5 amended Safety Pithing rod 60–100 cm forbidden for food animals (BSE); kicking managed by standing at the head end; nobody at the hind end

In the Index

The cow Slaughter and butchery

Its works cited 101

As the document lists them, unchecked. Sorted here by their addresses only, which says where a claim comes from, not whether it holds.

  • 62 journals, universities and public bodies
  • 1 document-sharing site
  • 1 encyclopaedia
  • 5 blogs
  • 32 other web pages
Show all 101
  1. Euthanasia Guidelines For Cattle - The Beef Site thebeefsite.com/articles/3841/euthanasia-guide…
  2. Euthanasia of Cattle: Practical Considerations and Application researchgate.net/publication/303185974_Euthana…
  3. The EFSA Journal (2004), 45, 1-29, Welfare aspects of the main gaia.be/sites/default/files/2021-04/45_0_0.pdf
  4. Recommended Captive Bolt Stunning Techniques for Cattle grandin.com/humane/cap.bolt.tips.html
  5. Effectiveness of pneumatically powered penetrating and non halal-slaughter-watch.org/wp-content/uploads/2…
  6. (PDF) Electrical stunning of cattle - ResearchGate researchgate.net/publication/12195626_Electric…
  7. Pathophysiology of Penetrating Captive Bolt Stunning in Horned mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/1/53
  8. (PDF) Cattle stunning with a penetrative captive bolt device: A review researchgate.net/publication/330584440_Cattle_…
  9. Gunshot or Penetrating Captive Bolt - Veterinary Medicine vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/about/focus-areas/ani…
  10. Kinetic energy and efficiency of different captive bolt stunning cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/abs/10.5555/2013308…
  11. SOP 10.2 Euthanasia of livestock (horses, cattle, goats, sheep and cdn.csu.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/427…
  12. Macroscopic Examination of Multiple-Shot Cattle Heads—An Animal pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6616863/
  13. Comparison of frontal-sinus and poll shot locations as secondary bovine-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/bovine/article/view/82…
  14. Bovine brain trauma by captive bolt length treatment. - ResearchGate researchgate.net/figure/Bovine-brain-trauma-by…
  15. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2020 Edition* avma.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Guideline…
  16. Anlage 1 TierSchlV - Einzelnorm - Gesetze im Internet gesetze-im-internet.de/tierschlv_2013/anlage_1…
  17. Merkblatt Tötung von Nutztieren durch den Tierhalter - Landkreis Celle landkreis-celle.de/media/custom/3314_1750_1.PD…
  18. Animal welfare at slaughter | EFSA - European Union efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/animal-welfare-…
  19. Tierschutz bis zum Schluss - Ein Überblick - LBZ-echem.de lbz-echem.de/?action=news&article=40051
  20. EEG-CBF integration in calf slaughter neurophysiology: a narrative ahr-journal.org/site/article/view/140
  21. Bovine Neurological Anatomy: Cranial Nerves and Brainstem zubairkhalid.com/knowledge/veterinary-medicine…
  22. A Case of Multiple Stun Attempts in a Bovine Due to Chronic ... - MDPI mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/116
  23. Evaluation of the capacity and effective angle of thalamic damage pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11375047/
  24. Functional Organization of The Reticular Formation - ClinicSearch clinicsearchonline.org/article/functional-orga…
  25. What Is the Reticular Activating System? - Neurosity neurosity.co/guides/reticular-activating-syste…
  26. Pain at the Slaughterhouse in Ruminants with a Focus on the ... - MDPI mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/4/1085
  27. Description and justification of a consistent technique for euthanasia scispace.com/pdf/description-and-justification…
  28. Position of reticular formation—right sagittal section of bovine head researchgate.net/figure/Position-of-reticular-…
  29. The Use of a Non-Penetrating Captive Bolt for the Euthanasia of mdpi.com/2076-2615/8/4/48
  30. Determination of anatomic landmarks for optimal placement in avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/ajvr/79/3/…
  31. Captive bolt pistol - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captive_bolt_pistol
  32. Captive-bolt euthanasia of cattle: determination of optimal-shot researchgate.net/publication/263077642_Captive…
  33. Electrophysiologic evidence of loss of consciousness in cattle during frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/ar…
  34. Captive bolt stunning of cattle: Effects on brain function and role of researchgate.net/publication/19729732_Captive_…
  35. Humane slaughter guidelines for mammalian food animals inspection.canada.ca/en/inspection-and-enforce…
  36. Depth of concussion in cattle shot by penetrating captive bolt pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22061934/
  37. Captive Bolt Stunning of Cattle, Sheep, and Pigs - Grandin.com grandin.com/humane/captive.bolt.html
  38. Electroencephalographic assessment of pneumatically powered researchgate.net/publication/330569192_Electro…
  39. DESCRIPTIVE OSTEOLOGY OF THE BOVINE SKULL submissoesrevistarcmos.com.br/index.php/rcmos/…
  40. Comparison of Skull Morphometric Characteristics of Simmental and mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/14/2085
  41. Evaluation of tissue depth, captive bolt penetration force and energy digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?art…
  42. to 48-mo-old male yaks (Bos grunnians) | Translational Animal academic.oup.com/tas/article/doi/10.1093/tas/t…
  43. (PDF) Comparison of Skull Morphometric Characteristics of researchgate.net/publication/382306090_Compari…
  44. Skull morphology in native and non‐native cattle breeds in Türkiye pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12159317/
  45. (PDF) Skull morphology in native and non‐native cattle breeds in researchgate.net/publication/389270930_Skull_m…
  46. BigBovid- Evaluation of a Newly Developed 9 mm Bullet ... - Frontiers frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/ar…
  47. ZOOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF CEPHALIC CONFORMATION repositori.udl.cat/bitstream/handle/10459.1/70…
  48. The Effect of Sex and Age on Bone Morphology and Strength ... - MDPI mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/694
  49. Relationship of tissue dimensions and three captive bolt placements pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8664767/
  50. Guidelines for Stunning Techniques of Mammalian Food Animals inspection.canada.ca/en/food-guidance-commodit…
  51. Anatomical landmarks and trajectories for frontal-sinus (A) and poll researchgate.net/figure/Anatomical-landmarks-a…
  52. Relationship between captive bolt placement, tissue parameters pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40451587/
  53. Evaluation of brainstem disruption following penetrating captive-bolt cambridge.org/core/journals/animal-welfare/art…
  54. Humane slaughter - DairyNZ dairynz.co.nz/media/hy2b1teg/humane-slaughter-…
  55. Application of captive bolt to cattle stunning – a survey of stunner cambridge.org/core/journals/animal/article/app…
  56. Pathophysiology of penetrating captive-bolt stunning of horses - PMC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12304776/
  57. Evaluation of non-penetrative captive bolt stunning as a method of frontiersin.org/journals/animal-science/articl…
  58. Achieving humane outcomes in killing livestock by free bullet I - PMC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6463779/
  59. Energy requirements for the penetration of heads of domestic stock pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3976138/
  60. An Examination of the Performance of Blank Cartridges Used in mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/8/552
  61. Penetrating captive bolt stunner - Accles & Shelvoke accles-shelvoke.com/media/5965/frontmatec-accl…
  62. CASH Special Captive Bolt Stunner Guide | PDF | Trigger (Firearms) scribd.com/document/620667497/Cash-Special-Pro…
  63. Non-penetrating captive bolt stunner - Accles & Shelvoke accles-shelvoke.com/media/5970/frontmatec-accl…
  64. CASHR Magnum Auto - Bettcher Industries bettcher.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Frontm…
  65. Effect of captive bolt gun length on brain trauma and post-stunning researchgate.net/publication/332927135_Effect_…
  66. (PDF) Pathophysiology of Concussive Non-Penetrative Captive Bolt researchgate.net/publication/337642660_Pathoph…
  67. Euthanasia Guidelines For Cattle - The Dairy Site thedairysite.com/articles/3841/euthanasia-guid…
  68. Evaluation of animal welfare indicators of cattle in a Federal cienciaspecuarias.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/Pecu…
  69. Euthanasia of Cattle: Practical Considerations and Application - PMC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5946141/
  70. The do's and don'ts of bovine euthanasia bovine-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/aabp/article/view/8864…
  71. AVMA Guidelines for the Humane Slaughter of Animals: 2016 Edition cnr-bea.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/AVMA-Hum…
  72. Euthanasia Guidelines For Cattle thecattlesite.com/articles/3841/euthanasia-gui…
  73. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition eticayseguridad.uc.cl/documentos/cec-animales-…
  74. American Journal of Veterinary Research avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/ajvr/74/11…
  75. The cardiovascular effects of shechita in cattle - PubMed pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40306313/
  76. History and best practices of captive bolt euthanasia for swine academic.oup.com/tas/article/6/2/txac065/6590793
  77. Slaugther hammer - het MOT mot.be/resource/Tool/dolhamer?lang=en
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  81. THESIS EFFECTS OF PENETRATING CAPTIVE BOLT GUN MODEL mountainscholar.org/bitstreams/2a7ddd2c-b390-4…
  82. Movements after Captive Bolt Stunning in Cattle and Possible Animal pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11010814/
  83. DLG-Merkblatt 459: Umgang mit kranken und verletzten Rindern dlg.org/mediacenter/dlg-merkblaetter/dlg-merkb…
  84. New EU regulation on the killing of animals - Rawc rawc.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/5.-General-…
  85. Effect of neck cut position on time to collapse in halal slaughtered rvc.ac.uk/Media/Default/Animal%20Welfare/Effec…
  86. Is Vertebral Artery Circulation Adequate to Support Consciousness preprints.org/manuscript/202507.2206
  87. Time to collapse following slaughter without stunning in cattle researchgate.net/publication/43072843_Time_to_…
  88. Rind und Schwein - Nationales Tierwohl Monitoring nationales-tierwohl-monitoring.de/fileadmin/na…
  89. INVESTIGATIONS ON THE STUNNING AND STICKING OF CALVES: mla.com.au/contentassets/3833d904ac554f8cb0547…
  90. Bovine Aortic Arch: Implications during Cardiac Surgery jcardcritcare.org/bovine-aortic-arch-implicati…
  91. Brachiocephalic Artery - Clinical Gate clinicalgate.com/2015/06/14/brachiocephalic-ar…
  92. The Brachiocephalic Trunk Variant Origin and High-Riding Course pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10316069/
  93. Movements after Captive Bolt Stunning in Cattle and Possible Animal mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/7/1112
  94. Effect of captive bolt gun length on brain trauma and post-stunning pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31082781/
  95. Mechanical, Electrical and Anesthetic Stunning Methods for Livestock wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcon…
  96. Tiergesundheit: Bolzenschussbetäubung lgl.bayern.de/tiergesundheit/tierschutz/schlac…
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