THRIVING after the FALL

The Library · Document 78 · FEASTING · Storage and preservation

Off-Grid Water Purification Guide

Its printed title: Engineering and Microbiological Protocols for Off-Grid Water Purification: Slow Sand Filtration and Thermal Disinfection

Clean drinking water from roof and well, by slow sand filtration followed by heat. It covers first-flush diversion, which it sizes at 0.5 to 2.0 litres for each square metre of roof, moringa seed to settle muddy water, the concrete biosand filter and the steel mould to cast it, a carbon layer for roof chemicals and algal toxins, and why viruses pass the sand so that heat must follow. The roof formula lost its symbols in extraction, and the drums come in gallons.

Open the PDF 16 pages · 403 KB

Number
78
Book
FEASTING after the FALL
Shelf
Storage and preservation
File
78 Off-Grid Water Purification Guide.pdf
Pages
16
Works cited
82

Used in

In the Workshop

The well

The rows that check it

  • 2 confirmed
  • 1 amended
  • 1 dropped
  • 3 marked for safety
  • G12 dropped Safety Chlorinated water sterilises the filter; water over about 50 NTU must be settled first; the skin sleeps below 10 °C (15 to 30 % activity at 0 to 5 °C) and the housing cracks if …
  • G8 amended Safety Biosand filter removes >4 log helminths, 3 to 4 log protozoa, 1.5 to 2.5 log bacteria (95 to 99 %), 0.5 to 1.5 log viruses (70 to 90 %); it is not a steriliser and drinking water …
  • G9 confirmed Safety Microcystin from summer pond algae survives hours of boiling; a ripe schmutzdecke degrades it slowly and poorly under 4 °C; a charcoal layer is the second barrier
  • G52 confirmed Biosand filter: 0.9 m tall, 0.3 m square, sand D10 0.15 to 0.35 mm, bed 45 to 55 cm, 5 cm standing water, 400 to 600 l/h/m² (0.4 to 0.6 l/min), 10 to 12 l pours, schmutzdecke in …

In the Index

Water Safety

Its works cited 82

As the document lists them, unchecked. Sorted here by their addresses only, which says where a claim comes from, not whether it holds.

  • 31 journals, universities and public bodies
  • 1 document-sharing site
  • 5 encyclopaedias
  • 4 forums, video and social sites
  • 7 blogs
  • 34 other web pages
Show all 82
  1. CAWST Biosand Filter Manual | PDF | Filtration | Water - Scribd scribd.com/document/491321338/Biosand-filter-C…
  2. Recent advances in household biosand filter design susana.org/downloads?documentID=54238
  3. SLOW SAND FILTRATION – A TIMELESS TECHNOLOGY oregon.gov/oha/PH/HEALTHYENVIRONMENTS/DRINKING…
  4. Biosand Filter | SSWM - Find tools for sustainable sanitation and sswm.info/sswm-solutions-bop-markets/affordabl…
  5. Concrete Biosand Filter - Akvopedia akvopedia.org/wiki/Concrete_Biosand_Filter?coo…
  6. Biological Layer in Household Slow Sand Filters - MDPI mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/7/1078
  7. H.5 Biosand Filtration - Technologies emergency-wash.org/water/en/technologies/techn…
  8. Bitumen & Asphalt Roofing - Danger to drinking water | Aqua Works aquaworks.co.nz/dangerous-roof-materials/
  9. First Flush Diverter Size Calculator – Roof Area, Rainfall & Pipe Sizing watertankcalculator.com/calculators/rainwater/…
  10. First Flush Volume Calculator - Rainwater Harvesting - Enviraj enviraj.com/online-tools/first-flush-volume-ca…
  11. Calculating Rainwater Harvest Potential: Key Factors agriculture.institute/diary-equipment-utilitie…
  12. Rainwater Harvesting Calculator - AJ Designer ajdesigner.com/rainwater-collection/
  13. Rain Tanks | First Flush Diverter Explained ntotank.com/blog/first-flush-diverter-explained
  14. Biosand Filter Manual - Squarespace static1.squarespace.com/static/5daa5c13623efb7…
  15. Use of Seawater and Moringa Oleifera Seeds for Turbidity Removal irphouse.com/ijert20/ijertv13n1_08.pdf
  16. Head loss measurement by pizometers tubes. - ResearchGate researchgate.net/figure/Head-loss-measurement-…
  17. (PDF) The effect of turbidity levels and Moringa oleifera researchgate.net/publication/24378812_The_effe…
  18. (PDF) Use of Moringa oleifera seeds powder as bio-coagulants for researchgate.net/publication/344326117_Use_of_…
  19. Tablet-based application of Moringa oleifera seed powder for jeeng.net/pdf-220775-141901?filename=Tablet-ba…
  20. Biosand Filter | SSWM - Find tools for sustainable sanitation and sswm.info/pt-pt/sswm-solutions-bop-markets/aff…
  21. DIY 55 gallon barrel filter for ponds and large aquariums. - YouTube youtube.com/watch?v=pL8JGgpAMzw
  22. Biosand Filter : 19 Steps (with Pictures) - Instructables instructables.com/Biosand-Filter/
  23. CAWST – Biosand Filter Project Implementation materials (2012) blogs.washplus.org/drinkingwaterupdates/2012/1…
  24. Technical Update: Optimizing the Biosand Filter hwts.info/document/49b0ca3a/optimizing-the-bio…
  25. Bio-Sand Filtration Mould Construction Guidelines - Biosand filter biosandfilter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/B…
  26. Biosand Filter Construction Manual - WASH Resources washresources.cawst.org/en/resources/b6be2637/…
  27. Household Water Treatment: Slow Sand Filtration - CDC Stacks stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/41390/cdc_41390_DS1.pdf
  28. Kanchan Arsenic Filter hwts.info/products-technologies/ccfddb7b/kanch…
  29. Flow rates - Biosand filter biosandfilter.org/biosand-filter/filtration-pr…
  30. Darcy's Law Formula, Units & Example - Turn2engineering turn2engineering.com/equations/darcys-law
  31. 4.1 Darcy's Law – Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and books.gw-project.org/hydrogeologic-properties-…
  32. Darcy's law ldeo.columbia.edu/~martins/climate_water/lectu…
  33. What is the loss of head in a slow sand filter bed? - Quora quora.com/What-is-the-loss-of-head-in-a-slow-s…
  34. Modeling of Head Loss through Deep Bed Sand Filters mej.researchcommons.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?ar…
  35. Slow Sand Filters for the 21st Century: A Review - PMC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9859083/
  36. Kanchan Arsenic Filter - Akvopedia akvopedia.org/wiki/Kanchan_Arsenic_Filter
  37. (PDF) Rapid-Slow Sand Filtration for Groundwater Treatment researchgate.net/publication/359339759_Rapid-S…
  38. filter sand size examples slowsandfilter.org/sand_sizes_large.html
  39. Sand Sieve Analysis of Biosand Filter Media - Clean Water clean-water-for-laymen.com/sand-sieve.html
  40. Slow Sand Filtration Performance: A Systematic Investigation on the researchgate.net/publication/308900268_Slow_Sa…
  41. Dimensional Analysis Model of Head Loss for Sand Media Filters in mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/6/961
  42. An experimental and analytical study to calculate pressure drop in geyseco.es/geystiona/adjs/comunicaciones/304/C…
  43. Concrete Biosand Filter hwts.info/products-technologies/d3df2470/concr…
  44. Schmutzdecke- A Filtration Layer of Slow Sand Filter - ResearchGate researchgate.net/publication/326706835_Schmutz…
  45. Schmutzdecke - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmutzdecke
  46. Biological action - Biosand filter biosandfilter.org/biosand-filter/filtration-pr…
  47. Isolation and Characterization of Schmutzdecke in Slow Sand Filter jeeng.net/Isolation-and-Characterization-of-Sc…
  48. Isolation and Characterization of Schmutzdecke in Slow Sand Filter jeeng.net/pdf-153460-80400?filename=Isolation-…
  49. Biosand Filter - Transform International transforminternational.org/project/biosand-fil…
  50. Kanchan arsenic filters in the lowlands of Nepal search.proquest.com/openview/90f2dec2043c0888c…
  51. Kanchan arsenic filters in the lowlands of Nepal - PubMed pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32974885/
  52. Kanchan™ bu.edu/sph/files/2016/02/KAF-booklet-2nd-editi…
  53. Kanchan Arsenic Filters for Household Water Treatment - MDPI mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/15/2318
  54. Biochar-based technologies for pesticide removal from water growingscience.com/beta/ccl/7909-biochar-based…
  55. Biochar for the adsorptive removal of pesticide and microplastics eeer.org/journal/view.php?number=1739
  56. Advances and Prospects of Modified Activated Carbon-Based Slow mdpi.com/2073-4441/18/2/228
  57. Realistic and field scale applications of biochar for water remediation pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12160065/
  58. Investigation of biochar- modified biosand filter performance for researchgate.net/publication/371640740_Investi…
  59. Biochar in the Remediation of Organic Pollutants in Water - MDPI mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/1/26
  60. Cyanobacterial Toxins in Drinking Water - Public Health Ontario publichealthontario.ca/-/media/Documents/C/25/…
  61. Removal of Cyanotoxins–Microcystins from Water by Filtration mdpi.com/2673-3501/2/1/6
  62. Evaluation of the Removal and Effects of Cylindrospermopsin on mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/9/543
  63. Removal of microcystins by slow sand filtration - PubMed pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12203961/
  64. Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment - Encyclopedia.pub encyclopedia.pub/entry/45048
  65. Water Disinfection for Travelers | CDC Yellow Book™ cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/preparing-internationa…
  66. Boil Water Advisory | Natural Disasters - CDC cdc.gov/natural-disasters/psa-toolkit/boil-wat…
  67. Drinking Water Advisories: An Overview - CDC cdc.gov/water-emergency/about/drinking-water-a…
  68. Boil water - World Health Organization (WHO) who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-FWC-WSH-15.02
  69. Water Disinfection for Travelers - CDC Yellow Book, 2026 edition ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK620923/
  70. BOIL WATER - IRIS iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/6d37bd…
  71. Boil Water Response-Information for the Public Health Professional health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/boi…
  72. Since water boils at lower temperatures at high altitudes ... - Reddit reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/125nly5/since…
  73. Water Pasteurisation Indicator - SSWM.info sswm.info/content/water-pasteurisation-indicator
  74. Enhancement of Solar Water Pasteurization with Reflectors - PMC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC91110/
  75. WAPI (Water Pasteurization Indicator) - Appropedia appropedia.org/WAPI_(Water_Pasteurization_Indi…
  76. Filters in Cold Climates - Biosand filter biosandfilter.org/forum/topic/filters-in-cold-…
  77. Slow sand filtration - WUR eDepot edepot.wur.nl/400763
  78. How to Winterize a Sand Filter and Pool Pump Without Missing Key beatbot.com/blogs/pool-care-solutions/winteriz…
  79. How to Protect Water Filtration Systems From Freezing Temperatures springwellwater.com/how-to-protect-your-whole-…
  80. How Freezing Temperatures Affect Pool Pumps and Heaters vitafilters.com/blogs/news/how-freezing-temper…
  81. Freeze & Damage Prevention: How to Protect Your Pool and Spa in iopool.com/blogs/pool-advices/freeze-damage-pr…
  82. How and When to Winterize a Pool Sand Filter: The Complete Guide ferberpainting.com/au/blog/how-and-when-to-win…