THRIVING after the FALL

The Library · Document 83 · FEASTING · Dairy and fermentation

Biochemistry Of Butter And Ghee

Its printed title: The Biochemical and Physical Chemistry of Cultured Butter and Ghee Production: Phase Inversion, Clarification, and Oxidative Stability

Cultured butter and ghee, from the skin of the fat globule outward, with a table of the proteins in that skin. It ripens cream with cultures at about 20°C until the pH falls from 6.7 to between 4.4 and 5.0, explains how diacetyl forms from milk's citrate and how churning turns the emulsion inside out, and clarifies ghee at 110 to 120°C, where browning brings nutty notes. It assumes pasteurised cream and a defined starter culture, and reads more as dairy science than kitchen method.

Open the PDF 20 pages · 429 KB

Number
83
Book
FEASTING after the FALL
Shelf
Dairy and fermentation
File
83 Biochemistry Of Butter And Ghee.pdf
Pages
20
Works cited
89

Used in

On the Menu

Cultured butter and ghee

The rows that check it

  • 2 confirmed
  • 1 amended
  • 1 partly confirmed
  • 1 marked for safety
  • M7 amended Safety Ghee at 110 to 120 °C, never past 150 °C; keeps a year dark and cool; about 30 min per kg
  • M21 confirmed Butter is a phase inversion; the butter compound (diacetyl) made at 20 °C and destroyed at 30; churn at about 10 °C
  • M22 partly confirmed Ghee under 0.3 % water; "the Indian subcontinent and half of Africa for four thousand years"
  • M36 confirmed Butter: cream ripened a day at 20 °C, chilled to 10; churn 15 to 40 min; wash at most a quarter of the cream volume; salt 15 to 20 g/kg; 10 litres of milk to half a kilogram

In the Index

Sour and fermented Milk, butter and cheese

Its works cited 89

As the document lists them, unchecked. Sorted here by their addresses only, which says where a claim comes from, not whether it holds.

  • 57 journals, universities and public bodies
  • 1 book, archive or patent
  • 1 document-sharing site
  • 2 encyclopaedias
  • 1 forum, video or social site
  • 3 blogs
  • 23 other web pages
  • 1 without an address
Show all 89
  1. 81 Gravity Cream Separation Physics.pdf
  2. Traditional Butter Making: The Physics of Phase Inversion in Cream milkiry.pages.dev/traditional-butter-making-ph…
  3. Food Technology (2023), 47(2), 124-139 ORIGINAL RESEARCH P gup.ugal.ro/ugaljournals/index.php/food/articl…
  4. Ghee Processing - NIFTEM niftem.ac.in/newsite/pmfme/wp-content/uploads/…
  5. Milk fat globule membrane and buttermilks: from composition to popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=5828
  6. Oxidative Stability of Ghee Incorporated with Clove Extracts and tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10942912.2012…
  7. Science Animation - MFGM: Milk Fat Globule Membrane - YouTube youtube.com/watch?v=lZ9dIJ1Zbdo
  8. Comparative Study on Keeping Quality of Market Ghee Samples ijcmas.com/9-9-2020/Niranjan,%20et%20al.pdf
  9. Retardation of oxidative rancidity in ghee adding orange peel ... - PMC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9813280/
  10. Research of milk fat oxidation processes during storage of butter potravinarstvo.com/journal1/index.php/potravin…
  11. Butter Science 101 - Center for Dairy Research cdr.wisc.edu/butter-science-101
  12. Influence of temperature regimes of ripening and fermentation researchgate.net/publication/328786055_Influen…
  13. Physicochemical changes during cream fermentation and quality researchgate.net/publication/371654485_Physico…
  14. Lactococcus lactis in Dairy Fermentation—Health-Promoting ... - MDPI mdpi.com/2311-5637/10/1/16
  15. Isolation of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris LRCC5306 and ... - PMC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8112315/
  16. Screening and selection of cultures based on techno-functional epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJDS/article/view/…
  17. Buttermaking and the churning of blended fat emulsions researchgate.net/publication/228056869_Butterm…
  18. Theories Behind the Churning Process in Butter Production agriculture.institute/dairy-products-i/theorie…
  19. Effect of citrate on growth of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis in milk pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9299783/
  20. Milk fat crystallization: From molecules to networks - Research@WUR research.wur.nl/en/publications/milk-fat-cryst…
  21. Modelling the butterfat crystallisation process - ORBi orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/74784/1/butter.pdf
  22. Polymorphism of milk fat studied by differential scanning calorimetry researchgate.net/publication/227325756_Polymor…
  23. POLYMORPHISM IN MILK FAT - CABI Digital Library cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/2006303…
  24. Fat Crystallisation: soci.org/-/media/files/conference-downloads/20…
  25. Polymorphism, microstructure and rheology of butter. Effects of nano.ku.dk/english/research/structural-food-ph…
  26. Formation of β Polymorphs in Milk Fats with Large Differences in pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27121766/
  27. Standardisation of cultured butter processing for smallscale production mro.massey.ac.nz/bitstreams/cc475c31-94f1-4d7c…
  28. Chemistry: Inverting the original cream emulsion : Butter - Webexhibits webexhibits.org/butter/churning.html
  29. Technology of Butter making – Batch and Continuous Processes Introd epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_con…
  30. The lipolytic and proteolytic activity of bacteria isolated from blended researchgate.net/publication/230109593_The_lip…
  31. Dairy Spoilage and Pseudomonas spp. - Encyclopedia.pub encyclopedia.pub/entry/20197
  32. Microbial lipolysis at low temperatures - PMC - NIH pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC291280/
  33. Microbial lipolysis at low temperatures - PubMed pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6766702/
  34. The Biodiversity of the Microbiota Producing Heat-Resistant frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles…
  35. Purification and Kinetics of Lipase of Pseudomonas fluorescens scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=jbs.2021.29.37
  36. impacts on dairy product quality and biotechnological potential rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/21213
  37. Recent innovations in functionality and shelf life enhancement of pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9813307/
  38. Flavour profile of desi cow's milk ghee prepared with bael pulp extract epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJDS/article/downl…
  39. Different Types of Ghee Making Process - Urbana Superfoods urbanasuperfoods.com/blogs/nutrition/different…
  40. Comparing Ghee Production Methods: Which One is Right for You? agriculture.institute/dairy-products-i/compari…
  41. (PDF) Ghee Residue: Processing and Utilization in Food and Non researchgate.net/publication/344602736_Ghee_Re…
  42. Heat Induced Changes in Milk and Traditional Milk Products - AWS gph-prh.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/2024/Apr/2…
  43. Quantification of heat-induced casein–whey protein interactions in researchgate.net/publication/222048043_Quantif…
  44. Effect of Maillard reaction on the quality of clarified butter, ghee researchgate.net/publication/365090534_Effect_…
  45. Effect of Maillard reaction on the quality of clarified butter, ghee pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36324007/
  46. Maillard Reaction: Mechanism, Influencing Parameters, Advantages pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12154226/
  47. Maillard reaction - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maillard_reaction
  48. (PDF) Blocked Lysine in Dairy Products: Formation, Occurrence researchgate.net/publication/284136220_Blocked…
  49. Dietary glycation compounds – implications for human health? - DFG dfg.de/resource/blob/174038/191206-roundtable-…
  50. Maillard reaction in food technologies nuft.edu.ua/doi/doc/ujfs/2023/2/4.pdf
  51. Antioxidant Activity of Maillard Reaction Products in Dairy Products pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12841591/
  52. Maillard Reaction in Flour Product Processing: Mechanism, Impact mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2721
  53. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of furosine in fresh ... - PMC - NIH pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5766691/
  54. Science | Malliard Reaction - The Brewers Journal brewersjournal.info/science-malliard-reaction/
  55. The role of the Maillard reaction in the formation of flavour researchgate.net/publication/230797196_The_rol…
  56. (PDF) How Maillard Reaction Influences Sensorial Properties (Color researchgate.net/publication/332174644_How_Mai…
  57. (PDF) Flavour Profile of Ghee by Gas Chromatography Mass researchgate.net/publication/392553698_Flavour…
  58. chemical composition and aroma description of some volatiles cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/2015303…
  59. Part 11 (γ-decalactone,γ-dodecalactone, exaltolide, ambrettolide, 5 flavorist.com/gamma-decalactone-gamma-dodecala…
  60. Concentrations of δ-decalactone and γ-dodecalactone in researchgate.net/figure/Concentrations-of-d-de…
  61. Current Developments in Analytical Methods for Advanced Glycation pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12566224/
  62. Validation of a Simple HPLC-Based Method for Lysine ... - MDPI mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4173
  63. Formation of furosine and N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) from the researchgate.net/figure/Formation-of-furosine-…
  64. Cholesterol oxides: their occurrence and methods to prevent their researchgate.net/publication/227603465_Cholest…
  65. Kinetic Simulation of Lipid Oxidation and Lycopene Antioxidant mdpi.com/2304-8158/15/9/1522
  66. OXIDATION OF LIPIDS IN FOOD Erwin W¹sowicz1, Anna Gramza1 journal.pan.olsztyn.pl/pdf-98621-30276?filenam…
  67. Kinetic Model of Lipid Oxidation in Foods - ResearchGate researchgate.net/publication/229574638_Kinetic…
  68. rancimat test - CABI Digital Library cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/2016308…
  69. (PDF) Analysis of thermoxidation kinetics of milk fat - ResearchGate researchgate.net/publication/323399138_Analysi…
  70. (PDF) Oxidative stability of ghee as affected by natural antioxidants researchgate.net/publication/273511071_Oxidati…
  71. Cholesterol and Its Oxidation Derivatives Content in Market Dairy mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/9/1371
  72. Cholesterol oxidation products – analytical methods and levels in stud.epsilon.slu.se/11840/1/ubhayasekera_k_171…
  73. Analysis, Formation and Inhibition of Cholesterol Oxidation Products jfda-online.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=28…
  74. Impact of cooking techniques on the formation of 7-ketocholesterol pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41825720/
  75. Monitoring the formation of cholesterol oxidation products in model pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4512089/
  76. Cholesterol and its oxidation products - Riviste UNIMI riviste.unimi.it/index.php/haf/article/view/93…
  77. Exploring Different Methods for Ghee Production - Agriculture Institute agriculture.institute/dairy-products-i/explori…
  78. SOP for Ghee Production Methods | PDF | Butter | Emulsion - Scribd scribd.com/document/519948271/Principles-and-M…
  79. Taste of Tradition: Bilona vs Processed Ghee Comparison nuclearfarm.com/blogs/news/taste-of-tradition-…
  80. Changes in Mail lard reaction products in ghee during storage researchgate.net/publication/230809474_Changes…
  81. Gir Cow Ghee: India's Most Revered A2 Ghee | Premium Quality cowdignity.com/blog/blog-07-gir-cow-ghee
  82. CA3127416A1 - Method for producing ghee - Google Patents patents.google.com/patent/CA3127416A1/en
  83. (PDF) Technological and Biochemical Aspects of Ghee (Butter Oil) researchgate.net/publication/336121477_Technol…
  84. Scrape Surface Heat Exchanger for Food Processing | Shrijee Nut Co shrijeenut.com/scrape-surface-heat-exchanger
  85. Developments and Future Perspectives in Scraped Surface Heat intechopen.com/online-first/1251185
  86. INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER CONDITIONS IN SCRAPED pp.bme.hu/me/article/download/5520/4625/9278
  87. Application of Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger in Manufacturing of researchgate.net/publication/345543420_Applica…
  88. (PDF) Performance Evaluation of Three-Stage SSHE for Continuous researchgate.net/publication/337459002_Perform…
  89. What is a Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger and What Products ftherm.com/news/What_is_a_Scraped_Surface_Heat…