Chapter 1: The Rhythm of the Hearth

Humans alone cook; small mouth, small teeth, short gut, brain uses a fifth of intake; Wrangham 2009 argued cooking preceded the big brain; disputed, not overturned

To check against

Wrangham, Catching Fire (2009); brain about 20 % of resting energy; critiques (e.g. Cornélio et al. 2016)

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

Wrangham, *Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human* (2009), en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catching_Fire:_How_Cooking_Made_Us_… ; brain ~20-25% of RMR vs 8-9% in other primates (multiple summaries of Aiello & Wheeler's expensive-tissue framing); Cornélio et al. 2016, *Frontiers in Neuroscience*, frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fn…

Note

Cornélio et al. found no clear energetic gain from cooked meat in their experiments, challenging but not overturning Wrangham's thesis — "disputed, not overturned" is fair.

Open hearth sends 80 to 90 % of heat up the chimney and drags cold air in

To check against

doc 115; Rumford's own essays

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 115 p. (Hearth Cooking Techniques Analysis); thisoldhouse.com/fireplaces/one-hot-fireplace ; thecraftsmanblog.com/what-is-a-rumford-fireplace/

Note

80–90% figure is a widely repeated modern engineering estimate for traditional open fireplaces; I could not find Rumford himself stating this exact percentage in the essays excerpted online — he wrote qualitatively about wasted heat and redesigned the firebox/throat. Wording is fine attributed to the physics, not necessarily "Rumford's own essays."

Coals radiate; radiance falls with the square of distance; three heats sorted by size

To check against

doc 115

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 115 (three coal grades: high/walnut-medium/pea-low; explicit "intensity of radiant heat flux follows the inverse-square law")

Note

Standard radiative-physics inverse-square law; doc's three-tier coal classification matches the book's "three heats sorted by size."

Spider on three legs; Dutch oven with rimmed lid, twice the coals above as below; salamander as ancestor of the grill

To check against

doc 115 (2:1 or 3:1 lid to base); hearth-cooking references

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 115 (spider: three-legged cast-iron skillet, definitionally stable; Dutch oven ratio example "17 coals on lid / 8 beneath" scaling to "19/10" ≈ 2:1 top:bottom; salamander section)

Note

The "twice the coals above as below" matches the doc's own worked examples (≈2:1, not an exact universal rule). "Salamander as ancestor of the grill" is loose — salamander is technically a top-down broiler, but modern commercial units are colloquially called "salamander grills" (see wasserstrom.com/blog/2019/01/18/salamander-broiler-explai…), so the lineage claim is defensible if...

Hannah Glasse 1747, dripping pan "very clean and nice" for a roasting hare; William Kitchiner, Cook's Oracle 1817, pulse of 100,800 beats a day as a timer, physician with a fortune

To check against

Glasse 1747 text; Kitchiner 1817 (Gutenberg 28681); Kitchiner biography

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

Glasse, *The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy* (1747) — quote "Dripping-pan must be very clean and nice" verified via barrypopik.com/blog/if_you_want_to_have_rabbit_stew_first… and archive.org copies of the 1747 text; Kitchiner, *Cook's Oracle* (1817), physician confirmed via en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Kitchiner,_William (inherited ≈£60,000 from his coal-merchant father, M.D., independent of practice)

Note

The specific "pulse of 100,800 beats a day as a timer" detail comes from doc 115's own source (fiftywordsforsnow.com/ebooks/kitchiner), which returned 403 Forbidden when I tried to open it directly, and I could not locate the exact figure in the Gutenberg text (search tooling may have missed it in a very long file) or via general web search. Everything else in the row is solidly confirmed; this...

Turnspit dog: bred for a wall wheel, worked in shifts, mentioned by Darwin, extinct in the 19th century; spit boy behind wet hay

To check against

doc 115; Darwin, Variation under Domestication; histories of the turnspit

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnspit_dog ; Darwin, *The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication* (1868) lists the turnspit among long-established breeds, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Variation_of_Animals_and_Plants… ; doc 115 (wet-hay detail, wheel mounted on kitchen wall, worked in shifts)

Note

Breed declared extinct by the end of the 19th century, consistent with the row.

Rumford: American loyalist, Bavarian service, count; 1790s fireplace with shallow firebox, angled sides, narrow throat, smoke shelf

To check against

Rumford, Essay IV on chimney fireplaces (1796); biography

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson (American-born Loyalist, Bavarian war/police minister, made Count of the Holy Roman Empire 1791, chose the title "Rumford"); Rumford fireplace redesign summarized at thecraftsmanblog.com/what-is-a-rumford-fireplace/

Note

Essay IV, "Of Chimney Fireplaces," is the correctly named 1796 essay; shallow firebox/angled sides/narrowed throat description matches standard accounts. Did not independently verify "smoke shelf" wording in Rumford's own text (this is now a generic fireplace term); flag as a minor point only.

Heat soaks into firebrick at about an inch an hour; a 3-inch dome charges in 90 minutes and bakes for a day; door 63 % of dome height

To check against

doc 20

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 20 (Wood-Fired Masonry Oven Architecture): "heat to penetrate deeply into the brick at a rate of approximately one inch per hour"; "brick thickness of 3 to 4 inches ... fully charging within a standard firing window (60 to 90 minutes) ... storing enough energy to bake consecutive batches ... over 24 hours"; "63% Dome-to-Door Height Ratio"

Note

Figures match the row exactly. Cross-row note: doc 20's own numbers are internally inconsistent — a 1 inch/hour soak rate implies a 3-inch dome needs ~3 hours to fully charge, not 90 minutes as the same document also states. The book's "3-inch dome ... 90 minutes" follows the doc's stated charging-window figure, not a computation from the 1 in/hr rate; worth flagging to the writing session as a...

Pompeii buried 33 bakeries with domed ovens, bread in some

To check against

doc 20 (33 ovens); Pompeii archaeology (carbonised loaves, Modestus bakery)

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 20 citing 33 domed clay ovens with chimneys excavated at Pompeii; corroborated generally by archaeology.org/issues/july-august-2019/collection/pompei… (about 33-35 bakeries) and the well-documented Bakery of Modestus, where 81 carbonised loaves were found in 1862 (thevintagenews.com/2018/07/07/ancient-bread/)

Note

"33" and "bread in some" both check out; general sources sometimes round to "about 35" bakeries total, but 33 with domed ovens/chimneys specifically is the figure doc 20 and its cited source use.

Count Johann VI of Nassau-Dillenburg, mid-16th century, ordered communal bakehouses to save wood and prevent fires; the Backhaus rhythm

To check against

doc 20; Hessian Backhaus histories (Backhauskultur)

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_VI,_Count_of_Nassau-Dillenburg background; ordinance text summarized at Westerwald regional heritage pages, e.g. westerwald.info/en/d/backhaus-niederweidbach-1/ — Count Johann VI's 1562 "Wood and Forest Ordinance" mandated communal bakehouses "in every village," explicitly to save wood and reduce fire risk to timber-framed farms; doc 20

Note

Exact date found: 18 January 1562 (mid-16th century, as claimed).

About 0.9 kg wood per kg flour in a direct oven, 0.55 in an insulated one; a village that bakes together burns a third of the wood

To check against

doc 20 (Chalmers bakery oven study); the "a third" is the book's own inference and needs a source or softening

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 20 citing Chalmers Publication Library, "Efficiency of a Wood-Fired Bakery Oven," publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/203999/2039… — "as high as 0.90 kg of wood per kg of flour" (direct/semi-direct) vs "0.55 kg of wood per kg of flour" (insulated indirect)

Note

Both figures match the row exactly. The "village that bakes together burns a third of the wood" inference: (0.90-0.55)/0.90 ≈ 39%, i.e. saves *more* than a third, not exactly a third — the book's own arithmetic is in the right direction but a shade conservative; consider "over a third" or "two-fifths" as tighter wording.

Carlowitz 1713, Sylvicultura oeconomica, Freiberg mines, "nachhaltend"; Hartig and Cotta, Tharandt

To check against

Carlowitz 1713; Grober, Die Entdeckung der Nachhaltigkeit; Cotta's Tharandt academy 1811

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

Hans Carl von Carlowitz, *Sylvicultura oeconomica* (1713), en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Carl_von_Carlowitz and environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/hans-carl-von-ca… (Freiberg mining administrator; coined "nachhaltende Nutzung"); Heinrich Cotta founded the Tharandt forestry academy in 1811 with Georg Ludwig Hartig as co-pioneer of sustained-yield forestry, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Cotta

Note

All names, dates and the Freiberg/mining link confirmed.

Holznot debate: real in places, exaggerated by governments; Brandenburg pine planted by the square mile from the 18th century because nothing else pays on sand

To check against

Radkau, Holz; doc 3; Brandenburg forest history (Kiefer share about 70 %)

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holznot and the Radkau revisionist debate (summarized via search of forest-history literature: Radkau argued 18th-century wood-shortage rhetoric was partly a tool of state control; the current consensus is "no general scarcity, but local episodes where access became critical" — matching "real in places, exaggerated by governments"); Brandenburg pine share rising from 36% (1780) to over 70% (2010) on sandy soils, planted from the 18th century, per Oxford Academic *Forestry* journal study (academic.oup.com/forestry/article/90/2/174/2527531)

Note

Both halves of the row check out against independent sources beyond doc 3.

Coppice: stumps resprout, 20-year cycle, stools live centuries; Mittelwald with oak standards; 400,000 ha in 1927 to 5,000 now

To check against

doc 123; coppice literature

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 123 (Berlin Woodlot Sustainable Harvest Plan): "utilization of CWS and simple coppice systems... plummeted by over 98% between 1927 and 2020... dropping from approximately 400,000 hectares to roughly 5,000 hectares"; Mittelwald (coppice-with-standards) terminology confirmed

Note

Figures match exactly. "Stools live centuries" and 20-year cycle are standard coppice-literature claims (e.g. NW-FVA Mittelwald publications cited in doc 123) and not separately disputed.

Tiergarten felled 1945 to 1947 with Holzsammelschein permits, potatoes between stumps; about 200,000 trees to a few hundred; replanted from 1949 with saplings from West German cities

To check against

Berlin Senate Tiergarten history; Wikipedia gives about 200,000 trees before and about 700 after; the "few hundred" wording should match the source found

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiergarten_(Berlin) — roughly 200,000 trees before the war, ~700 surviving by 1946/47; replanting campaign began 1949 with saplings donated from across (West) Germany, ~250,000 saplings 1949-1959; potato/vegetable cultivation on the cleared ground documented via hdg.de/lemo/bestand/objekt/foto-gemueseanbau-tiergarten.html and mittendran.de/erst-kahlschlag-dann-gemuesegarten/

Note

"A few hundred" is a fair rounding of "~700." Could not independently confirm the specific term "Holzsammelschein" (wood-collection permit) in the sources I reached, though rationed/permitted wood-gathering in postwar Berlin is well attested generally; flagging as a minor unverified detail, not a contradiction.

Household: 116 m², 11,600 kWh heating, 3,200 hot water, 800 cooking

To check against

doc 119 (internal contradictions noted in the chapter notes); DIN EN 12831; Destatis

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 119 (Household Annual Biomass Calculation): "living area of 116 square meters ... 11,600 kilowatt-hours per year" (space heating); "total annual DHW demand of 3,200 kilowatt-hours"; "cooking requires approximately 200 kWh/person/year... family of four... 800 kilowatt-hours"

Note

All three figures (116 m², 11,600, 3,200, 800) match the doc exactly.

Stove efficiencies: masonry 85 %, steel 50 %, cookstove 75 %, brazier 25 %; charcoal a quarter of its wood; summer kWh costs sixteen times its weight in wood

To check against

doc 119; the "sixteen times" is 4 x 4 and is the book's own arithmetic

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 119: masonry Grundofen "85% and 90%" thermal efficiency; convection/steel stoves lose "up to 50% of their generated energy" (i.e. ~50% net); wood cookstove "70% to 75%" (book uses 75, the upper bound); charcoal brazier assumed at a "25% efficiency threshold" (doc's own working range is 15–30%, book uses the doc's chosen baseline of 25); charcoal yield modelled at "a standard 25% gravimetric yield" (a quarter of its wood)

Note

All figures track doc 119's own numbers or its chosen baseline within a stated range. "Sixteen times its weight in wood" (summer kWh vs wood) is explicitly the book's own multiplication (4× wood-to-charcoal loss × 4× the ~25% stove efficiency) and is arithmetically consistent with the doc's other figures, though not itself stated in the doc.

7.7 t seasoned beech a year: 4.2 t stove wood plus 3.5 t for 870 kg charcoal; 480 kg per Ster; about 16 Ster

To check against

doc 119 (7,689 kg; table's Ster figure inconsistent with its own 1 Fm = 1.4 Rm); LWF Merkblatt 20

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 119: total "7,689 kilograms" raw beech, split "4,202 kg" (direct) + "3,487 kg" (charcoal wood, yielding "871.7 kilograms" ≈ 870 kg charcoal); Raummeter (Ster) weight "approximately 460 to 480 kilograms"; total "approximately 16 Raummeters (Sters)"

Note

All figures match. Cross-row note, as the row itself already flags: doc 119's own conversion table is internally inconsistent — it states "1 Festmeter = 1.4 Raummeter" but its own table converts 10.3 Fm into 15.9 Rm (a ratio of 1.54, not 1.4); 10.3 × 1.4 would give 14.4 Rm, not 15.9. This is a genuine arithmetic slip in the source document, not something the book introduced, but the "about 16 S...

3 to 5 hours per solid cubic metre to fell, split, stack; 30 to 50 hours a year, October to February

To check against

doc 123 (TFZ time studies)

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 123 (Berlin Woodlot Sustainable Harvest Plan), citing TFZ Bayern time studies: "between 2.3 and 5.0 labor hours per Festmeter"; "between 24 and 52 hours of intense physical labor, strictly concentrated within the legal winter harvesting window"

Note

Doc's actual range is 2.3–5.0 h/Fm and 24–52 h/year; the book narrows this slightly to "3 to 5" and "30 to 50" — both narrowed ranges sit comfortably inside the doc's range, so this is a safe rounding rather than a distortion.

Beech forest 10 to 11 m³/ha/a; coppice on sand 7; a hectare and a bit or a hectare and a half per family; 90 to 115 ha per village of 300

To check against

docs 119, 123; Bundeswaldinventur

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 123: coppice-on-sand increment "a highly conservative increment estimate of 7.0 [m³/ha/a]"; woodlot area "strictly calculated at 1.5 hectares" per household; Bundeswaldinventur-based beech MAI ~11.7 m³/ha/a over 1987-2002 (literatur.thuenen.de/digbib_extern/dn055598.pdf)

Note

"Coppice on sand 7" and "hectare and a half per family" both match doc 123 exactly; standing beech-forest growth of 10-11 m³/ha/a is corroborated independently by the Thünen Institute figure of 11.74 m³/ha/a. For a village of 300 (≈75 four-person households) at 1.5 ha each, that is 112.5 ha — within the stated "90 to 115 ha" range.

Winiarski at Aprovecho in the 1980s; rocket stove named for its noise; 1:2:4 proportions; riser above 1,000 °C; 96 to 98 % combustion; three-stone fire 10 to 15 % to the pot

To check against

doc 21; Aprovecho history (Winiarski's rocket stove, about 1982)

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 21 (Rocket Stove Construction Guide): "feed tube, burn tunnel, and heat riser is historically calculated as 1:2:4"; riser reaches "1000°C to 1200°C"; "high-performance rocket systems routinely achieve MCE values exceeding 96% to 98%"; "traditional three-stone fire... heat transfer efficiency is abysmal—often ranging from 10% to 15%"; Winiarski/Aprovecho history confirmed via engineering.oregonstate.edu/all-stories/dr-larry-winiarsk… (began developing the rocket stove in 1980, ten design principles codified by 1982)

Note

All figures and the "1980s" dating check out. Could not independently verify the "named for its noise" etymology claim; this is common lore in rocket-stove literature but I did not find a citable primary source for it — flagging as a minor unverified detail.

Rocket mass heater: drum over riser, duct in cob bench, two-hour fire charges a tonne of cob for a day, exhaust at 120 °C

To check against

doc 21; Evans and Jackson, Rocket Mass Heaters

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 21: drum inverted over insulated riser as space-heating radiator; "if the exhaust gas temperature is allowed to drop below 120°C (250°F)... creosote"; operators must keep exhaust "at a minimum of 120°C (250°F)"

Note

Exhaust-temperature figure matches exactly. The "two-hour fire charges a tonne of cob for a day" detail does not appear in doc 21 (0 matches for "tonne") — it is consistent in spirit with the doc's general description of thermal-mass benches storing heat for extended radiant release, but the specific tonnage/duration numbers are unconfirmed by any source I could open; recommend citing Evans & J...

Peter van den Berg's batch box, 2010s

To check against

doc 21; batchrocket.eu

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 21 (Peter van den Berg developed the "Batch Box" rocket core); batchrocket.eu/en/ and permies.com/donkey32.proboards.com forum threads showing active batch-box development and workshops through the 2010s (e.g. a 2017 workshop)

Note

"2010s" is a safe characterization; I could not pin down an exact founding year (some sources suggest development from around 2011-2013), but nothing contradicts "2010s."

Schornsteinfeger: Prussian institution older than the fire brigade; inspects every flue on a fixed round; only a licensed sweep certifies a stove; dust limit in g/m³

To check against

Schornsteinfeger-Handwerksgesetz; Kehr- und Überprüfungsordnung; 1. BImSchV Stufe 2 (0.04 g/m³)

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

Schornsteinfeger guild history vs. Berlin Fire Brigade founding date (1 Feb 1851, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Fire_Brigade) — chimney-sweep guilds and Prussian royal ordinances on sweeping districts date to the 16th-17th centuries, well before 1851; doc 119 confirms "0.04 grams per cubic meter for fine dust" for 1. BImSchV Stufe 2

Note

The "older than the fire brigade" claim and the dust limit both check out against independent sources. Did not separately verify "only a licensed sweep certifies a stove" against the current Schornsteinfeger-Handwerksgesetz text, but this matches general knowledge of the Bezirksschornsteinfegermeister system.

Gas in Berlin kitchens from the 1900s, electricity 1930s, last coal kitchen stoves out in the 1980s; Ofensetzer and Köhler a few hundred people

To check against

Berlin gasworks and Bewag histories; Ofensetzer trade numbers (ZVSHK); Köhler numbers

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

Berlin gas supply began 1826 (public lighting) and expanded to private/domestic households through the 19th century, de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_der_deutschen_Gasversorgung ; general electrification of stoves in the 1930s is well documented (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_stove); doc references not found for exact Berlin coal-kitchen-stove phase-out date or Ofensetzer/Köhler trade-body headcounts

Note

"Gas in Berlin kitchens from the 1900s" is plausible (gas cookers followed gas lighting through the later 19th/early 20th century) though Berlin's own gas rollout began earlier (1826) than domestic kitchen use; "electricity 1930s" matches the general European electrification pattern. I could not independently confirm "last coal kitchen stoves out in the 1980s" or specific Ofensetzer/Köhler trad...

Cob oven build: bottle-and-slurry or vermiculite base, firebrick floor with a finger's gap, sand form 60 to 90 cm by 40 cm, 1:3 clay to sand 8 to 10 cm, straw layer 10 cm, door 63 %, dry a week, cure a week, fire 1.5 to 2 h until the dome goes white, flour test (10 s black = pizza, 30 s brown = bread), six loaves, a wheelbarrow of wood, roof it

To check against

Denzer, Build Your Own Earth Oven; doc 20 for the door and the mortar; the flour-test timings are the book's own

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 20 (vermiculite/CaSi insulating base, door height percentage, refractory mortar); Denzer, *Build Your Own Earth Oven*, described via transitionculture.org/essential-info/book-reviews/build-y… and other summaries — insulation layer made from clay slurry packed around glass bottles ("bottle-and-slurry"), or a clay/sand/perlite/vermiculite mix, is Denzer's standard method

Note

"Bottle-and-slurry or vermiculite base" matches Denzer's documented technique. The flour-test timings, exact sand-form dimensions and clay:sand ratios are explicitly the book's own per the row's own note — not separately verified beyond internal plausibility.

Rocket core: 15 cm square, firebrick in 1:1 clay-sand mortar, house brick spalls, riser insulated with ash or perlite, 8 mm skirt doubles heat to the pot, 1 kg sticks in 30 min boils 10 l

To check against

doc 21 (skirt: 50 % to 26 % efficiency; ash not mentioned as insulation); the burn rate and boil time are the book's own

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 21: for a 10 cm channel, "narrowing the gap... to 6 mm or 8 mm" raises heat-transfer efficiency; widening the gap "causes heat transfer efficiency to plummet from near 50% down to 26%" (i.e. an 8 mm skirt roughly doubles efficiency vs. a wide gap, matching "doubles heat to the pot")

Note

As the row itself flags, doc 21 does not mention ash as a riser insulator (perlite/vermiculite are the documented insulators) — recommend replacing "ash or perlite" with "perlite (or vermiculite)" unless a separate source for ash insulation is found. The 1 kg-sticks/30-min/10-litre boil figures are the book's own per the row's note.

Seasoning: one summer for ash and birch, two for beech and oak; cracks, hollow knock, no hiss; 20 % water; a third of the felling weight lost

To check against

LWF Merkblatt 20; fresh beech about 50 % water to 20 % is a loss of about 37 % of weight

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 123 (20% target moisture, seasoning tied to legal 1. BImSchV compliance); LWF-Merkblatt 20 (Bavarian State Institute for Forestry), waldwissen.net/de/waldwirtschaft/holz-und-markt/holzenerg… — "freshly cut wood... approximately 50%" moisture, dried to "below 20%" for legal combustion, ~6 months (spring/summer) for split wood, longer for unsplit and for denser hardwoods

Note

The "one summer... two for beech and oak" pattern matches LWF guidance that unsplit/denser wood needs much longer. Weight-loss check: converting 50% wet-basis moisture to 20% wet-basis moisture at constant dry mass gives a mass loss of about 37.5% — matching "a third of the felling weight lost" (and matching the row's own check-column figure of "about 37%") almost exactly.

Coppice for a village of 300: about 100 ha hornbeam and field maple, 1.5 ha per household, up to 100 oaks per ha, 20 parcels of 5 ha, fence 3 years

To check against

doc 123 (1.5 ha per family of four; 75 households give 112 ha); reconcile with H28

The verdict

CONFIRMED

Found

doc 123: 1.5 ha per household (matches H28); "retain 7-8 oaks per coupe" across 20 coupes of 0.075 ha (≈ 93-107 oaks per hectare, i.e. "up to 100 oaks per ha"); "the woodlot is physically partitioned into 20 equal compartments (coupes or cants), each measuring 0.075 hectares"; Hornbeam (not field maple) is doc 123's chosen underwood species

Note

For "about 100 ha hornbeam and field maple" for a village of 300: 75 households × 1.5 ha = 112.5 ha, matching H28's reconciliation, not "100 ha" precisely — both rows should probably converge on the same number (112 ha, as the row's own check-column already suggests) rather than each rounding differently. Doc 123 uses Hornbeam as the primary species with Oak standards; field maple is not mentio...