THRIVING after the FALL

The Library · Document 23 · FEASTING · Soil and crops

Biology Of Organic Fertilizers

Its printed title: Advanced Biological and Physicochemical Dynamics of Organic Waste Valorization: Composting, Vermiculture, and NPK Fertilizer Generation

Compost, worms and the chemistry of turning manure, human waste and plant matter into fertiliser. It follows a heap through its phases, a warm one up to about 45 °C, a hot one it puts at 55 to 70 °C that kills pathogens, then ripening, and covers Eisenia fetida worms, humus formation and tests of ripeness down to a seed germination index. The register is the laboratory's, thick with spectroscopy and enzymes, and its weight falls on microbes rather than on building and turning a heap.

Open the PDF 22 pages · 535 KB

Number
23
Book
FEASTING after the FALL
Shelf
Soil and crops
File
23 Biology Of Organic Fertilizers.pdf
Pages
22
Works cited
91

Used in

The rows that check it

  • 7 confirmed
  • 4 amended
  • 5 marked for safety
  • G1 confirmed Safety Sanitation rule: 55 °C held three consecutive days in an aerated static pile, or fifteen days with at least five turnings in a windrow
  • G11 amended Safety PFAS and microplastics pass through composting, digestion and vermicomposting unchanged; only source separation protects
  • G2 amended Safety Ascaris eggs >99 % dead after three to seven weeks at 55 °C; they survive chlorination and drying and are the indicator organism
  • G4 amended Safety Urine: sterile on leaving the body, hydrolyses to ammonia in a day or two; store a month closed, dilute 1:10, apply to soil not leaves, a month before harvest, never on salad crops
  • G5 amended Safety Immature compost carries ammonia, acetic, propionic and butyric acid and kills seedlings; cress germination index 60 % usable, 80 % clean; phytotoxicity gone by day 56 with …
  • G24 confirmed C:N 20 to 30 to 1, moisture under 65 %, heating 3 to 5 °C/h, 45 °C mesophilic limit, 55 to 70 °C thermophilic
  • G25 confirmed Manure analyses dry weight: poultry 3.03 % N, cattle FYM 0.5 %, sheep 3 %; poultry loses ammonia unless bulked with carbon and releases N in the first 30 days
  • G29 confirmed Per adult per day: 90 g dry organic matter, 10 to 12 g N, 2 g P, 3 g K; urine carries 70 to 80 % of N and most K, about 1.42 l/day; faeces carry the C, fibre, P and the pathogens
  • G32 confirmed Worm anatomy: gizzard, calciferous glands giving a near-neutral gut, castings richer in P, lower C:N, carrying IAA and humic acids
  • G33 confirmed Eisenia fetida (with Eudrilus eugeniae) the composting species; eats about half its weight a day; 15 to 25 °C best, dead at frost and above about 30 °C; a kilogram in a …
  • G44 confirmed Deficiency signs: N yellowing from the oldest leaves, P purple and stunting, K scorched margins on mature leaves; potash on sand leaches and >90 % of soil K is locked in feldspar, …

In the Index

Soil and compost The field and the rotation The kitchen garden

Its works cited 91

As the document lists them, unchecked. Sorted here by their addresses only, which says where a claim comes from, not whether it holds.

  • 77 journals, universities and public bodies
  • 3 document-sharing sites
  • 1 encyclopaedia
  • 1 blog
  • 9 other web pages
Show all 91
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  4. Characterization of Thermophilic Lignocellulolytic Microorganisms in pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8385673/
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  6. A Review on the Degradation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes During pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12389969/
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  8. Study on dynamic changes of microbial community and ... - PMC - NIH pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9077819/
  9. Food waste humification: a process analysis - ResearchGate researchgate.net/publication/365434740_Food_wa…
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  14. Lignocellulose dissociation with biological pretreatment towards the pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9535326/
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  18. Earthworms strongly modify microbial biomass and activity triggering researchgate.net/publication/6208854_Earthworm…
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  20. Changes in microbial biomass C, N, and P and enzyme activities in researchgate.net/publication/222181078_Changes…
  21. Enzymatic dynamics into the Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) gut researchgate.net/publication/320827565_Enzymat…
  22. Plant growth promoting bacteria drive food security - SciELO scielo.br/j/bjb/a/8RkkPpSkWFtTHghcy8VHM9t/?lan…
  23. Microbial diversity of vermicompost bacteria that exhibit useful pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3725894/
  24. Influence of Vermicompost on the Concentration of Exogenous researchgate.net/publication/381515581_Influen…
  25. Deciphering the enhanced translocation of Pb, Ni and Cd from pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11178750/
  26. Role of plant growth promoting microorganisms in sustainable dokumen.pub/role-of-plant-growth-promoting-mic…
  27. Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria from researchgate.net/publication/399901158_Charact…
  28. Silicon and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria differentially researchgate.net/publication/337698637_Silicon…
  29. Nutrient Recovery from Human Excreta for urban and ... - CGSpace cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstreams/abdd6a74-f2e6-4d7…
  30. The Characterization of Feces and Urine: A Review of the Literature pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4500995/
  31. human feces compost as an organic fertilizer for sweet corn - AJFAND ajfand.net/Volume23/No9/Gunawan20990.pdf
  32. nutrient composition of different organic manures and analysis researchgate.net/publication/353071857_NUTRIEN…
  33. For 100 years, Milwaukee has been turning human waste into lawn fertiliser; 10.5 billion pounds diverted from landfills timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/for-100-y…
  34. Applied and Environmental Chemistry of Animal Manure: A Review researchgate.net/publication/309660882_Applied…
  35. ORGANIC FARMING :: Manures - TNAU Agritech Portal agritech.tnau.ac.in/org_farm/orgfarm_manure.html
  36. Advances in Plant Microbiome and Sustainable Agriculture dokumen.pub/advances-in-plant-microbiome-and-s…
  37. Biodiversity, and biotechnological contribution of beneficial soil researchgate.net/publication/351088468_Biodive…
  38. Microbial Dynamics and Functionality - ResearchGate researchgate.net/profile/Sudhir-Shekhar-2/publ…
  39. Factors Influencing Soil Nitrification Process and the Effect on frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-syst…
  40. Humic acids buffer the effects of urea on soil ammonia oxidizers and researchgate.net/publication/221768886_Humic_a…
  41. Sustainable Intensification of Maize in the Industrial Revolution frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-syst…
  42. Nitrogen mineralization kinetics in soil supplemented with organic researchgate.net/publication/374743439_Nitroge…
  43. Vermicompost enrichment using organic wastes: Nitrogen content researchgate.net/publication/351194506_Vermico…
  44. Nitrogen Dynamics from Conventional Organic Manures as ... - MDPI mdpi.com/2504-3129/5/3/49
  45. A comparative study of phosphorus recovery as struvite from cow researchgate.net/publication/351697187_A_compa…
  46. Biochar seeding promotes struvite formation, but accelerates heavy researchgate.net/publication/328451513_Biochar…
  47. The Optimal Cyanobacterial Sludge Incorporation Balances Nutrient mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/10/2429
  48. Biodiversity and functional role of Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria ciasjournal.com/articles/Biodiversity-and-func…
  49. Potash-Mobilizing Biofertilizers: Complete Guide - BulkAgroChem bulkagrochem.com/potash-mobilizing-biofertiliz…
  50. Influence of potassium solubilizing bacteria on crop productivity and academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR/article-full…
  51. The use of soil microbial potassium solubilizers in ... - Academia.edu academia.edu/99689261/The_use_of_soil_microbia…
  52. (PDF) Potassium Solubilizing Microorganisms: A New PGPM researchgate.net/publication/401134243_Potassi…
  53. Methods Used for Artificial Humification of Animal Wastes encyclopedia.pub/entry/52867
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  56. Study of the Humification Process and Humic Acid-like Structure mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/2/465
  57. Humic acid-like fractions in raw and vermicomposted winery and researchgate.net/publication/229417264_Humic_a…
  58. Spectroscopic characterization of organic matter transformation researchgate.net/publication/343172723_Spectro…
  59. Study on Molecular Structure Model and Visualization of Humic researchgate.net/publication/360908604_Study_o…
  60. Advanced Characterization of Organic Matter Decaying during researchgate.net/publication/353686530_Advance…
  61. The Evaluation of Compost Maturity and Ammonium Toxicity Using mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2636
  62. Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of Organic Acids by Germination Test hrcak.srce.hr/file/503286
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  66. A Review of the Literature on the Occurrence and Survival of researchgate.net/publication/266583967_A_Revie…
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  69. Occurrence, growth, and suppression of salmonellae in composted pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC291765/
  70. (PDF) Use of Additives in Composting Promotes Passivation and researchgate.net/publication/376246923_Use_of_…
  71. Speciation Analysis Method of Heavy Metals in Organic Fertilizers researchgate.net/publication/366315654_Speciat…
  72. Effects of substrate types on the transformation of heavy metal researchgate.net/publication/345126229_Effects…
  73. Composting as a Sustainable Solution for the Management of Plant mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/22/9940
  74. Application of Rice Husk Biochar and Earthworm on Concentration pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9603306/
  75. Comparative assessment of heavy metals content during the researchgate.net/publication/272843662_Compara…
  76. The effect of different additives on the immobilization of heavy journals.agh.edu.pl/geol/article/download/7351…
  77. Full article: Effects of adding biochar on the preservation of nitrogen tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10962247.2022…
  78. Effect of Biochar Addition on Mechanism of Heavy Metal Migration mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/10/523
  79. Humus Soil Inhibits Antibiotic Resistance Gene Rebound in Swine pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11944299/
  80. Biochar can mitigate co-selection and control antibiotic resistant pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9160353/
  81. The Fate of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Their Influential Factors mdpi.com/2305-6304/14/5/428
  82. Effect of Extending High-Temperature Duration on ARG Rebound in mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/13/5284
  83. Compostable Products in Aotearoa New Zealand - Bioplastics NEWS bioplasticsnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07…
  84. Microplastics in ecosystems: ecotoxicological threats and strategies frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articl…
  85. Real-time quantification of mcrA, pmoA for methanogen ... - PubMed pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21488508/
  86. Forced Aeration Composting compostsystems.com/forced-aeration-composting/
  87. Mitigating Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils with Biochar mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1115
  88. Relationships between different types of biochar and N2O emissions researchgate.net/publication/376620234_Relatio…
  89. Biochar mitigates the N 2 O emissions from acidic soil by increasing pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32063300/
  90. Biochar alters nitrogen transformations but has minimal effects on research-collection.ethz.ch/server/api/core/bi…
  91. Linking N2O emissions and nosZ gene abundance: A meta-analysis researchgate.net/publication/392496090_Linking…