Heirloom Apple Orchard Management

Used in

• Chapter 7 The Orchard and the Wild
• Chapter 15 Drink

The rows that check it

• 13 confirmed
• 1 partly confirmed
• 5 unresolved
• 0 marked for safety

• O13 confirmed Standard on wild/seedling root: first fruit ~8–10 yr ("up to a decade"), life 80–120 yr, carbon peak at 18 yr; dwarf orchards replanted every 15–25 yr
• O17 confirmed Boskoop found 1856 in Boskoop, Netherlands; triploid; Group 3; keeps to March
• O18 confirmed M9 East Malling 1910s, most planted, one third size, fruits yr 2–3, permanent support; cavitation on sand; Gala/Elstar/Rubinette fail without fertigation
• O19 confirmed Interstem 15–30 cm M9/M27 between MM106/MM111/Antonovka and scion
• O21 confirmed Bittenfelder Sämling standard seedling rootstock; Antonovka drought/cold
• O27 unresolved Union a hand above soil; below = scion roots; ~10 % more dwarfing per exposed inch; burr knots
• O29 confirmed Streuobstwiese 8–10 m, Hochstamm trunk 1.8 m, hay/sheep; rarest landscape
• O31 confirmed Oeschberg: Swiss, early 20th c., leader, 3–4 scaffolds at 45°, fruit wood 80–150 cm, 10 years shaping, outward bud
• O32 partly confirmed Rheinischer Bohnapfel, Martens Sämling for sand; Kaiser Wilhelm 1864 Solingen; Roter Eiserapfel; Geheimrat Oldenburg 1897 Geisenheim; Gelber Richard; Gute Luise; Hauszwetsche; …
• O33 confirmed Three varieties; triploid needs three others in same/adjacent RHS group
• O34 confirmed Scab: Mills 11 h at 10 °C, 7 h at 15 °C; Rvi6 from M. floribunda 821 in 80–90 % of resistant cultivars, breaking down; urea 5 % after leaf fall −50–96 %; shredding
• O35 confirmed Fire blight kills M9/M26; bitter pit = Ca shortage, worse with N and hard pruning; CaCl2 3–4 % spray
• O36 unresolved Cellar 2–4 °C, slatted shelves, Christmas to Easter; dried apple loses six sevenths
• O37 confirmed LARS classes; blend 30–60 / 10–20 / 5–20 %; cuvage 24 h; must 10–18 °Brix; Bohnapfel a sharp
• O38 unresolved Juice ~two thirds of fruit weight; Apfelwein dry on wild yeast keeps a year
• O39 confirmed Keeving 8–12 °C, calcium pectate gel, chapeau brun, 1–3 points/week, rack from middle, sweet and sparkling
• O50 unresolved Planting: hole 1 m × 0.5 m, stake windward, vole basket, guard, mulch, 20 l fortnightly two summers; top-working stubs 3–5 cm, sap-drawer, seal all cuts
• D30 unresolved Keeving: juice at 8 to 12 °C, brown cap in about a week, siphon from beneath, ferments a point or two a week, stops sweet in two or three months
• D31 confirmed Blend: half sweet, a fifth sharp, the rest bitter; sweat apples a week

In the Index

The orchard and its fruit Drink The kitchen and its dishes