THRIVING after the FALL

The Library · Document 7 · FEASTING · Metallurgy and tools

Forging Agricultural Hand Tools

Its printed title: Thermomechanical Processing and Fabrication of Agricultural Hand Tools: A Comprehensive Metallurgical Analysis

Three field tools forged from scrap: the broadfork, the eye-hoe and the scythe blade. An alloy table matches 1060 to hoes, 5160 to broadfork tines and 1095 to scythes, and the methods cover tines welded to a crossbar and given a spring temper, and a hoe cut from an old disc harrow with an eye it punches 25 to 30 mm deep before drifting. The heat-treatment temperatures were lost in the PDF text, the units are mixed, and the opening repeats the other forging reports.

Open the PDF 18 pages · 469 KB

Number
7
Book
FEASTING after the FALL
Shelf
Metallurgy and tools
File
7 - Forging Agricultural Hand Tools.pdf
Pages
18
Works cited
69

Used in

The rows that check it

  • 5 confirmed
  • 0 marked for safety
  • K29 confirmed Scythe: thin web behind a rib; edge peened cold; steel like 1095 or 75Cr1 at 60 HRC, straw temper; three angles (hafting: tip 3 to 5 cm inside the heel's arc; lay; tilt); English …
  • K31 confirmed Eye-hoe: harrow disc 5 mm, 1060 or 5160, punched over a bolster 25 to 30 mm, drifted, 4 mm collar flared on the horn, neck fullered (stress 3× at a hole, over 5× at a sharp step), …
  • K32 confirmed Broadfork: five tines of 5160, about 35 cm (14 in), constant radius, welded to a crossbar (38 mm square tube), spring temper grey-blue to about 50 HRC; the lower third carries the …
  • K43 confirmed Peening: blows a millimetre apart, two passes, blade cold, morning; hone every few minutes in the field
  • K49 confirmed Cooper's steels: froe 5160 at 48 to 50 HRC with a 30° edge, axe 22° at 56, hollowing knife W1 tempered 200 °C at 60, jointer 52100 at 60 to 62, croze 58, adze 54 to 56

In the Index

Iron and steel Tools and their making The field and the rotation The kitchen garden

Its works cited 69

As the document lists them, unchecked. Sorted here by their addresses only, which says where a claim comes from, not whether it holds.

  • 9 journals, universities and public bodies
  • 4 document-sharing sites
  • 2 encyclopaedias
  • 5 forums, video and social sites
  • 12 blogs
  • 3 shops and makers
  • 33 other web pages
  • 1 without an address
Show all 69
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  2. 5160 vs. 1095: Which Steel Is Better For Knife Making? redlabelabrasives.com/blogs/news/5160-vs-1095-…
  3. Which one is better for forge swords, 1060 Steel or 1095 Steel? absword.com/which-one-is-better-for-forge-swor…
  4. 5160 Steel Vs 1095: Which Is Right For Your Project? | Huaxiao Metal huaxiaometal.com/news/industry-news/5160-steel…
  5. 1095 Vs. 5160? : r/Blacksmith - Reddit reddit.com/r/Blacksmith/comments/1fokaue/1095_…
  6. 1084 vs 1095: Which Carbon Steel Should You Choose? toruscnc.com/forge-brain/knife-steels/compare/…
  7. 5160 Steel vs 1095 Steel: How to Choose the Right Material for Your machining-custom.com/blog/5160-steel-vs-1095-s…
  8. 1.2003 - 75Cr1 - h+s Folien hs-folien.shop/en/Technical-information/Techni…
  9. 75Cr1 - High Carbon Steel Strip springsteelstock.co.uk/75cr1-high-carbon-steel…
  10. DIN 75Cr1 - c.c.steel ccsteels.com/2014/Tool_steel_0910/19.html
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  12. Heat Treatment of Iron and Steel | PDF - Scribd scribd.com/document/490851524/NBS-Monograph-88…
  13. 1084 vs 1095 Steel for Knives: Which Is Better? | ProKilnSupply prokilnsupply.com/blogs/kiln-guide/1084-vs-109…
  14. work-Hardening during Peening - shotpeener.com shotpeener.com/library/pdf/2017024.pdf
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  16. Decarburization – Metallurgical Processes - AZoM azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=9624
  17. Brief Explanation Of Decarburization Of Steel? - SteelonCall steeloncall.com/blog/brief-explanation-of-deca…
  18. Calculating decarburization | Thermal Processing Magazine thermalprocessing.com/calculating-decarburizat…
  19. (PDF) Understanding and measuring decarburization - ResearchGate researchgate.net/publication/286099499_Underst…
  20. Results of the Charpy impact toughness test. - ResearchGate researchgate.net/figure/Results-of-the-Charpy-…
  21. Charpy Impact Test: Principles, Equipment, Procedures, and ssmalloys.com/charpy-impact-test/
  22. Charpy Impact Test Guide | ASTM E23 & ISO 148-1 | Infinita Lab infinitalab.com/blog/charpy-impact-test-guide/
  23. 5160 High Carbon Spring Steel: Properties, Uses, Products steelprogroup.com/tool-steel/grades/5160/
  24. Skip Power Aerators: There's A Tool That Won't Damage Soil - Hunker hunker.com/2210722/power-aerators-alternative-…
  25. The Broadfork: A Tool for Every Garden - Get Dirty getdirty.co.za/the-broadfork-a-tool-for-every-…
  26. 8 Ergonomic Tools for Homesteading with Back Pain - FarmstandApp farmstandapp.com/631058/8-ergonomic-tools-for-…
  27. Draft forces prediction model for standard single tines by using agricultural-engineering.eu/landtechnik/articl…
  28. Coulomb's Earth Pressure Calculations | PDF | Nature - Scribd scribd.com/document/847890243/Week-3-7-Coulomb…
  29. Rankine Earth Pressure Theory: Principles, Applications, and hydropowerengineer.wordpress.com/2025/03/23/ra…
  30. Active and Passive Earth Pressure — Coulomb and Rankine prontubeam.com/Coulomb-Rankine-Active-Passive-…
  31. (PDF) Draft forces prediction model for standard single tines by researchgate.net/publication/318491544_Draft_f…
  32. 5 of the Best Off Grid Gardening Essentials for Self-Sufficient Living offgrid.reviews/best-off-grid-gardening-essent…
  33. A Handcrafted Broadfork - The Modern Homestead themodernhomestead.us/grow-it/homestead-tools/…
  34. Broad Fork Garden Tool, Heavy Duty 5+4 Sharp Tines BroadFork ebay.com/itm/127977895499
  35. DIY Project — Making a Broadfork — From Contributor Matt Miles lowtechinstitute.org/2017/03/09/diy-project-ma…
  36. How to Heat Treat 5160 - Optimizing Toughness - Knife Steel Nerds knifesteelnerds.com/2019/04/01/how-to-heat-tre…
  37. 21. Forging a hoe with eye - Agricultural engineering in development fao.org/4/ah637e/AH637E28.htm
  38. Viking age axe tutorial - Page 8 - History - Bladesmith's Forum Board bladesmithsforum.com/index.php?/topic/17953-vi…
  39. Forging a Viking Axe : 19 Steps (with Pictures) - Instructables instructables.com/Forging-a-Viking-Axe/
  40. Forge Welding - Blacksmithing, General Discussion iforgeiron.com/topic/971-forge-welding/
  41. advice on fire welding : r/Blacksmith - Reddit reddit.com/r/Blacksmith/comments/y91lbq/advice…
  42. Stress Concentration Factor: Kt Values - Neural Concept neuralconcept.com/post/stress-concentration-mi…
  43. Stress concentration - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_concentration
  44. Stress Concentration Analysis Explained With Examples - SimuTecra simutecra.com/blogs/stress-concentration-analy…
  45. Stress Concentration Factor Calculator (Kt & Kf) - Quadco Engineering quadco.engineering/en/know-how/stress-concentr…
  46. Stress Concentration Factors | Kt, Kf Tables & Engineering Guide roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Fatigue/Stress_con…
  47. Implications of differential heat treating - Bushcraft USA Forums bushcraftusa.com/threads/implications-of-diffe…
  48. Heat Treatment: A Comprehensive Guide for Knife Makers - Lufolk lufolk.com/blogs/blacksmithing/knife-making-he…
  49. How To Use The 1SR Roll Guide | PDF | Screw | Cutting - Scribd scribd.com/doc/257053934/How-to-Use-the-1SR-Ro…
  50. Chapter 4. Preparing the Blade's Edge - Scythe Works scytheworks.ca/knowledge-base/chapter-4-prepar…
  51. On the quest for perfect peening - The Scythe Association scytheassociation.org/on-the-quest-for-perfect…
  52. Chapter 5: The Elements of Scythe Fitting scytheworks.ca/knowledge-base/chapter-5-the-el…
  53. Setting the Scythe Blade - the Hafting Angle scythecymru.co.uk/scything-guide/scythe-blade-…
  54. Checking Scythe Settings: How to avoid bending clamps or breaking wildscythe.co.uk/avoid-breakages/
  55. Setting the Scythe Blade - the Lay scythecymru.co.uk/scything-guide/scythe-blade-…
  56. A Primer on the Selection, Use, & Maintenance of the American Scythe byxcoblog.com/?p=6
  57. English scythe making traditions at Issac Nash Ltd scytheassociation.org/english-scythe-making-tr…
  58. The Scythe Must Dance: Technical Instructional Manual - studylib.net studylib.net/doc/8999290/what-in-the-world-is-…
  59. Messerschmiedekurs Berlin | 3,5h zum Damast - Moorschmied workshop.moorschmied.de/messerschmiedekurs-ber…
  60. Schmiedekurse - Rixdorfer Schmiede - jetzt anmelden!!! feine-klingen.de/produkt-kategorie/kurs/schmie…
  61. Operating instructions for the SF Peening Machine Made in Austria dictum.com/media/84/81/28/1752834760/705864_De…
  62. Scythe Peening Jig - Blade work hardening guide sharpening wisementrading.com/farm-and-garden/scythes/scy…
  63. Strain Hardening in Steel: Complete Guide - Mechanisms, Hollomon engineersviews.com/blog/strain-hardening/
  64. Work hardening - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_hardening
  65. Work hardening - chemeurope.com chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Work_hardening.…
  66. Overview of Hardening Mechanisms - Deringer Ney deringerney.com/overview-of-hardening-mechanis…
  67. Dislocation cell formation and work hardening in the unidirectional semanticscholar.org/paper/Dislocation-cell-for…
  68. Blade and Whetstone hardness Testing - Wild Scythe wildscythe.co.uk/hardness-testing/
  69. The correlation between the Vickers hardness and the dislocation researchgate.net/figure/The-correlation-betwee…