Dual-Purpose Cattle Nutrition Plan

Used in

• Chapter 8 The Cow, the Pig and the Hen
• Chapter 14 Milk into Cheese

The rows that check it

• 5 confirmed
• 3 amended
• 1 unresolved
• 2 marked for safety

• A16 amended Safety Whey from salted cheese poisons a pig without other water (salt toxicity); raw potato and sprouts carry solanine and raw starch passes unused, boil and discard water; grass tetany …
• A7 amended Safety Nitrate NO3-N ppm DM: <1,500 safe; 1,500–5,000 half the ration with safe hay; 5,000–9,000 a third; >9,000 never; frosted, drought-stressed or over-manured green crops; …
• A24 amended Rumen ~150 l, microbial fermentation and the cow digesting the microbes; ~40,000 chews a day; DMI 3–3.5 % BW, 650 kg → 19.5–22.75 kg, 450 kg → 12–16 kg; rumen movement 1–2 a …
• A25 confirmed Breed yields 7,000–11,000 kg (Fleckvieh etc.), Dexter 2,000–3,500, are concentrate-fed; forage-only 3,250–7,000 kg, 6,000 kg baseline = 16 l/day
• A30 confirmed Production arithmetic: 6,000 kg × 5.25 MJ/kg ≈ 32,000 MJ, pregnancy ~1,000 MJ, total ~60,000 MJ/yr; at 9 MJ/kg DM = 6,700 kg DM = 18 kg/day
• A31 confirmed Brandenburg sand grassland 3–5 t DM/ha unfertilised, 5–7 with manure and clover; 60 % grazing utilisation; 200 grazing days × 18 kg = 3.6 t = 1.2 ha
• A36 confirmed Cow calendar: 21-day cycle, 18 h standing heat, ovulation 24–32 h after onset, serve on the second day; gestation 283 days; calving interval 365–390; re-served 2–3 months after …
• A55 unresolved Herb list (thyme, oregano, sage, turmeric, ginger, linseed, psyllium, sweet chestnut, tormentil, oak bark, St John's wort, calendula, garlic, comfrey, wormwood) with no dose; …
• A57 confirmed Bench 1: girth 190 cm ≈ 550 kg lowland cow; winter 1 Nov–15 Apr = 165 days; hay 2–2.3 % BW as fed; a fifth for waste (43 says 15–20 %)

In the Index

The field and the rotation The cow Nutrition and the year's food Animal health