The pig

The pig, who turns the household's leftovers into fat, ham and sausage.

15 documents · 2 chapters · 7 dishes · 70 rows

In the chapters

Chapter 8 The Cow, the Pig and the Hen
The Story: The pig is a refinery
At the Bench: 3. A farrowing pen with a rail and a creep Safety, 4. The pig's ration Safety
Chapter 9 The Hardest Chapter
The Story: The pig at the first frost, The pig's day
At the Bench: 4. The pig: stun, stick, blood, scald and scrape Safety, 5. Casings and blood sausage Safety, 7. Rendering tallow and lard Safety

Documents 15

On the Menu

Griebenschmalz Lard and tallow Blood sausage and liver sausage Salt pork Erbsensuppe with smoked pork Grünkohl mit Kasseler Eisbein with sauerkraut

In the Workshop

The pig and hen breeds

Sources

Book Marianski and Marianski, Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages

All the sources

In the log 70

42 confirmed
15 amended
2 partly confirmed
11 unresolved
20 marked for safety

F66 amended Safety Hotbed: trench 60 cm × 1.40 m east-west, 10 cm gravel, horse manure 45 to 50 cm in 15 cm lifts at 55 to 60 % moisture, 5 cm buffer, 20 cm medium; passes 45 °C in 48 to …
A1 amended Safety Zoonoses: Germany brucellosis-free 2000, bovine TB-free 1997, worthless without testing; Q fever in the Mark; Listeria from silage and soft cheese kills the unborn; …
A11 amended Safety Sow: >80 % of first-72-h piglet deaths are crushing; farrowing rail 25 cm out and 25 cm up; creep 32–35 °C falling to 25 by end of week one; sow 18–20 °C; savaging by …
A16 amended Safety Whey from salted cheese poisons a pig without other water (salt toxicity); raw potato and sprouts carry solanine and raw starch passes unused, boil and discard water; …
A2 amended Safety Trichinella: killed at 62.2 °C instantly, 60 °C 1 min, 55 °C 6 min; freezing unreliable (T. nativa); cook pork to 70 °C core; Virchow 1866 life cycle and Prussian …
A3 confirmed Safety Swill: EU ban on all catering and household kitchen waste to pigs; UK FMD 2001 from uncooked swill, six million animals; household rule after the fall: boil an hour, …
A4 amended Safety African swine fever in Brandenburg wild boar from September 2020, still present, ~100 % lethal to pigs, no vaccine, not a human disease; one pig, fenced from woods, no …
A74 unresolved Safety Limewater: 1 kg slaked lime per 15 l boiled cooled hard water, lime into water; eggs under 24 to 36 h, unwashed, candled, points down, 5 to 8 cm cover, lard film, 8 to …
A8 amended Safety Acorns poison cattle and sheep (kidney), pigs and goats tolerant; antidote 10 % hydrated lime in feed; the Broker's answer a fence
B10 amended Safety Specified risk material: cattle >12 months skull, brain, eyes, spinal cord, tonsils; >30 months vertebral column; intestines all ages; cord lifted out with a hooked …
B13 amended Safety Scald safety: 200 l at 62 °C from a 50 l copper lit at four; over-scald >62–63 °C cooks skin and sets bristles (only remedy skin the pig), under 58 no release, loosening …
B16 confirmed Safety Blood: bowl under the wound before the knife is out, stirred 5 min with 1 tbsp salt/l until cool, clots in a minute unstirred, 3–4 l from a 100 kg pig, used same day; …
B17 unresolved Safety Kochwurst safety: blood sausage cooked at 80 °C never boiling 60–90 min until it weeps clear; keeps a week in the cold, longer smoked; bursts if boiled or filled tight; …
B20 confirmed Safety Anthrax: a hide from an animal that died on its own of nothing visible is not skinned; anthrax spores in old grazing soil and in a hide for years; such an animal is not …
B22 amended Safety Burial of slaughter waste forbidden (TierNebG); knacker (Tierkörperbeseitigung) route; after the fall burn what the law says to burn, bury the rest deep away from the …
B3 amended Safety Cartridge colours differ by maker, read the box; too light a charge the commonest failure; spring (non-penetrating) bolt fails on 29 % of bulls, not for cattle, adequate …
B6 confirmed Safety Pig stun: bolt on light charge a finger above the line between the eyes, midline, aimed at tail; stick within 15 s (industry limit for head-only electrical, adopted for …
B9 amended Safety Trichinella: every part of an untested pig cooked to 70 °C at centre; no raw Mett, cold-smoked raw sausage or air-dried ham from an untested pig; dies in 1 min at 60, at …
S4 amended Safety Strong brine 18 to 20 % for pork and fish; pork about 2 days per kg of thickness; fish 2 to 4 h fillets, 12 to 24 h whole
J2 confirmed Safety Well at least 30 m from and uphill of privy, midden, pig and stall; sand filters nothing; nitrate from manure reaches the well within a season; nitrate causes …
I22 confirmed Bessemer 1856: air blown through molten pig iron, steel by the tonne in twenty minutes; Siemens-Martin open hearth a few years later
K21 confirmed Bevel forging curves the blade backward; edge left 1 mm ("a coin") before the quench or it ripples (bacon edge); pre-curve the tip upward in the last heat
F36 unresolved Chickpea GDD 1,287–1,612 vs ~1,480 season; sow late Apr–early May, ~80 kg/ha, 33–44/m², rows 45–60 cm; Mesorhizobium inoculant needed
F37 unresolved Black bean: sow second half May, 5–8 cm in-row, heat at anthesis −50–71 % seed, Rhizobium phaseoli not native
F39 confirmed Tomato: sow indoors mid-Mar 1 cm, prick out, plant after Eisheiligen, strip 20 cm, 1–3 leaders, water base morning
F45 confirmed Paprika: sow Feb–early Apr >19 °C, out 11–15 May at 50 cm, red only, dry 45–60 °C <11 %, sun −75 % capsanthin, >80 °C browns, loss doubles per 10 °C; Szegedi 80, …
F50 confirmed Chicory: sow Apr–May 1–1.5 cm, 12–15 × 30–50 cm, no N, lift Oct–Nov; never refrigerate; roast 135–220 °C, inulin gone by 195; brew short/pressurised; dandelion 1.5–2.4 …
A17 unresolved Kreuzberg pigs in the winter of 1946, courtyard and cellar pigs, black slaughter (Schwarzschlachtung) punishable by prison, the grandmother's street
A22 confirmed German (and Brandenburg) soils selenium-poor, feed supplementation supplies eggs and pork; phytate halves zinc absorption from whole-grain diets; inland goitre, iodised …
A23 confirmed 86 % of livestock feed human-inedible; ruminants 2.8 kg human-edible feed per kg meat and 0.6 kg human-edible protein returned per kg eaten; FCR live weight chicken …
A33 confirmed Family of four on sand: garden 1,000 m², rye 1,200 + seed, potatoes 150 + 550 for pig, lupin fifth of arable, orchard 0.25 ha, pasture 1.2, meadow 0.6, heifer 0.9, pig …
A37 confirmed Half of 6,000 kg to cheese leaves ~4 t whey (100 kg milk → ~10 kg cheese + 90 kg whey); finishing pig drinks 10–15 l whey a day = about a third of its energy; a cheese …
A38 confirmed Eichelmast: pigs driven into oak woods in autumn, woods valued in old records by pigs fattened
A39 partly confirmed Deutsches Sattelschwein assembled after 1948 in the GDR from Angler Sattelschwein and Schwäbisch-Hällisch, near-extinct after 1990, largest herds in Brandenburg, lard …
A40 confirmed 118: 200 kg sow 588 kg concentrate/yr = 0.084 ha; finisher 278 kg = 0.039 ha; doubled on sand at 3 t/ha; 4 kg boiled potatoes replace 1 kg grain, 278 kg grain = 1,100 kg …
A41 confirmed Sow: cycle 21 days, stands 48–72 h (gilts 36–48), served second day, gestation 114 days, 15–30 ova, 30–40 % embryonic loss, 10–12 born; nest 24–48 h before; piglet every …
A42 confirmed TierSchNutztV 2021: crate max 5 days, farrowing pen 6.5–7.5 m², crates end February 2036; sow 14 teats; piglet colostrum ≥250 g first day
A43 confirmed Pig pasture 10–15 sows or 25–30 finishers/ha, move at 5–8 cm, rest 4–8 weeks; growers 5–15 % DM from sward; Ascaris eggs 5–10 years in soil
A54 unresolved CMT: 3 % sodium lauryl sulphate + bromocresol purple, equal parts with 2 ml milk, swirl 10 s, scores 0/T/1/2/3, gel ≈ >310,000 cells/ml; udder paste turmeric-ginger-salt …
A80 partly confirmed Hedersleben 1865: 337 ill, 101 dead from one pig; untreated trichinellosis case fatality 15 to 30 per cent; 148's cow (6 t milk, 490 kg beef on 1.5 ha) is 117's goat …
B25 confirmed Hedersleben 1865: 337 ill, 101 dead from one pig; Virchow's life-cycle work in Berlin; Prussian compulsory Trichinenschau (Ch 8 gives 1866); yard slaughter off the …
B26 confirmed Schlachtfest: home pig slaughter common in Brandenburg villages into the 1970s, between first frost and Christmas; Hausschlachter ~20 pigs a season for a fee and a …
B27 confirmed Hausschlachtung conditions: own household consumption only, Anmeldung to the Veterinäramt, stunning by permitted method by a competent person, Fleischuntersuchung for …
B28 confirmed Bolt gun (cartridge captive bolt, PTB-marked) and cartridges purchasable by any adult without a firearms licence; a box of 100 cartridges lasts decades dry; rifle/pistol …
B29 confirmed Field slaughter since 2021: Reg (EU) 2021/1374 amending 853/2004 allows on-farm slaughter of up to three bovines (or six pigs, three solipeds) with a mobile unit; "first …
B30 unresolved Home slaughters in Germany: ~100,000 pigs a year now, ~5 million in the 1950s, falling a tenth a decade, mostly east and south
B38 confirmed German seam cuts and uses: Hals/Kamm goulash and Kochfleisch; Bug: Schaufelstück, Falsches Filet, dicker Bug (Sauerbraten); Hochrippe roast; Querrippe and Brust …
B40 confirmed Pig: pale weeping meat after 10 min chase (PSE, no salt uptake); restraint two people, corner/board or jaw snare; head on for the hang so cheeks, ears, tongue, brain …
B43 confirmed Wellfleisch: head halved, brain out; head, feet, tail and belly trimmings simmered 1.5 h in salted water, eaten at noon with sauerkraut; cheeks, head meat, rind, tongue …
B44 confirmed Blood sausage / Grützwurst: per litre blood 1 kg boiled rind and head meat, 300 g scalded back-fat dice, 18 g salt/kg of whole, marjoram, pepper, allspice, boiled barley …
B45 confirmed Casings: small intestine ~20 m, stripped, turned over a stick under water, scraped with the back of a knife, rinsed, salted, keeps a year, soak an hour; Krause (large …
B46 confirmed Eight German pig parts and destinations: Schinken 9–10 kg each to dry salt (Ch 11); Bug 6–7 kg roasts and sausage; Rücken/Kotelettstrang chops and Kassler; Kamm best …
B47 confirmed Pig counted: 100 kg live → ~75 kg hanging; ham 20, shoulder 13, loin 13, belly 11, back fat 10, hock 3, leaf fat 2, rest head/bone/trim; off the hooks blood 3 l, head 6 …
B50 confirmed Hen rest: rigor ~4 h, tender 12–24 h at 4 °C, hang overnight in the cold; old hen simmered 3 h; gizzard lining peeled; feathers to the pillow after a day in the sun; …
B53 confirmed The year: cow a village, 45 kg a house; pig a household; second spring pig harder to keep; 50 hens a year (old hens and cockerels of Ch 8), the only fresh meat …
B54 confirmed Fat: cow 30–40 kg fat and 40 kg bone; pig 12 kg fat and 10 kg bone; render within 12 h or hold ≤7 °C (Reg 853/2004); suet 86–90 % lipid, trim 62–76 %; dry rendering …
B55 confirmed Storage: stoneware crock with lid in the cellar, tallow a year, lard 6–9 months, salt layer on top; enemies light, warmth, air, iron/copper; rancid = paint smell, not …
B61 confirmed Hide area: 4–5 m² per cow; apron ~0.5 m², boots ~1 m²; pig skin better eaten (hard to degrease, tans badly at home); brain tan one brain per hide, warm paste, stretched …
E38 confirmed Sömmerung: drain dry one year in five, lime 200–400 kg/ha, sow oats or vetch, plough in
C21 amended Justinus Kerner, Wildbad, about 200 cases of sausage poisoning described 1817 to 1822; the therapeutic guess
C22 confirmed Van Ermengem, Ellezelles, 1895 to 1897; ham; the dead (three of about thirty)
D48 amended Chicory: root 30 to 50 cm, sow 1 cm deep April to May, rows 40 cm, thin to 15 cm, lift October; about 200 g dry root per square metre; roast at 180 °C 20 to 40 min to …
J11 confirmed 117's model: 1.0 ha arable in five 0.2 ha blocks (lupin, cabbage, carrots, potatoes, rye) + 0.5 ha clover grass; 3 goats, 12 hens, 2 pigs
J12 confirmed Sand yields: potatoes 20 t/ha, carrots 30, cabbage 30 (70 % edible), rye 30 dt/ha, lupin 20 dt/ha; block outputs 4,000 / 6,000 / 4,200 / 600 / 400 kg; milk 2,100 kg, …
J14 unresolved Kitchen arithmetic (own): 340 kg rye to the kitchen → ~280 kg flour at 80–85 % extraction → ~400 kg bread → a large loaf a day; 4,000 kg potatoes less 400 seed and 1,000 …
J15 confirmed Reconciliation: 1.5 ha of the household's own (goats, pig, hens) feeds four; a cow needs 2.7 ha of Luch that is the village's (Ch 8's 3.2 ha); plus 1.5 ha coppice (Ch 1) …
J19 unresolved Household year (own): field 1,500–2,000, kitchen ~1,100 (3 h/day), milking ~300 for three goats (twice daily over two lactations), wood 30–50, tools 156, pig 32, …
J20 unresolved Three narrows: (1) mid-April to end May: potatoes in, lupin, carrots, cabbage transplant, kidding, garden; (2) June hay, late July rye at yellow ripeness, August second …
J29 confirmed 122 is an industrial model (1,000 covers, 2,000 l milk, 20 cows, 30 pigs, 200 hens); its farm figures cite "unknown_url"; no per-person or per-animal litres; roof yield …
J30 unresolved Animal water (own): cow in milk 60–100 l/day, more in July; goat 5–10; pig 8–15 by weight; laying hen ~0.3 l; house dairy wash 20–40 l/day; household with goats ~300 …